In order to use GATED PIPEs efficiently, it is required to know the hydraulic properties of the GATED PIPE and its gates. The hydraulic properties of GATED PIPE's gates were studied. The manufacturing quality and the discharge similarity of gates were evaluated by computing values of indices including Cv, qvar and Range. Results indicate that the manufacturing quality of gates is acceptable and their hydraulic performance's is similar.Therefore, an equation was developed to relate gate discharge to the hydraulic head behind the gate and the gate degree of opening. The gate discharge was computed under various conditions of pressure head and degree of opening with the equation derived and compared with measured values. The computed values of gate discharge were close enough to the actual values for practical purposes. A computer program was developed to simulate gate discharges along a GATED PIPE. The program calculates gate discharge and pressure behind the gates along a GATED PIPE line based on known values of PIPE slope, length of PIPE, gate degree or opening, gate spacing, PIPE inlet pressure or discharge of last gate on the PIPE line, distance from the PIPE inlet to the first open gate, and numbers of open and closed gates at the beginning of the PIPE.

To divert water from a large diameter irrigation PIPEline to a smaller diameter plastic GATED PIPE so called "Hydroflume", a PIPE turnout was designed and built in the Sugar cane development and Byproducts Company with the cooperation of the Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran. This PIPE turnout not only conveys water but it also dissipates the excess energy. The structure has of a circular broad crested weir for measuring flow discharge. It also was equipped by a piezometer to facilate flow measurement. The turnout consists of two 800-millimeters precast concrete PIPE and has been designed in such a way that can be produced in large quantities in the factory and then installed in the farm. In this paper the design criteria including: investigation of various alternatives and selection of the best type, hydraulics and structural design, laboratory and field tests are presented.

To deliver water from a large diameter irrigation PIPEline to a smaller diameter plastic GATED PIPE so called "Hydroflume", a PIPE turnout was designed, built and installed in the farms of the Sugar Cane Development and By-products Company, Ahwaz, Iran. In this paper the hydraulic performance of these PIPE turnouts along a low pressure irrigation PIPEline and their sensitivity against variation of hydraulic gradient, which caused by opening and closing other turnouts, was calculated by a computer model which developed by the author. Calculations by this computer model show that the discharge of all turnouts are varied by opening or closing any of the turnouts along the PIPEline, but these variations are not equal for all operating turnouts. The turnouts which located at the end of PIPEline are the most sensitive to the hydraulic gradient variation which may be about 5 percent. The procedure for sensitivity calculation and results are presented in this paper.

The GATED Communities are being assumed as Residential Territories, in which fences and gates restrict accessibility for the non-residents to such environments. These areas are being under control by a variety of security systems and instruments. Such territories could be established in small or large areas for a permanent or non-permanent residence. Furthermore, the burden of management in GATED communities could be in the hands of private or public gatherings. However interior management of the facilities in the GATED territories by the residents is the specific characteristic in most of these communities. Since 1970, the universe has been encountered with the wider formation of GATED Communities all over the developed and undeveloped countries. In the northern province of Iran Mazandaran, due to the impressive tendency of the affluent residents of Tehran for lodging and temporary residence specially in coastal areas, such GATED Communities have been founded in the fortieth decade (1340) and rapidly developed. Darya-Kenar has been evaluated as an important case study for the mentioned GATED Communities located in coastal areas. Meanwhile, a form of environmental segregation between the residents and people of the surrounded areas has been appeared. Moreover, based on this segregation, the land price has encountered with some high levels of changes and caused an especial land speculation. According to the rise of this phenomenon, many GATED communities have been constructed, and because of existence in the Babolsar city environs, and in the lack of clear legislations’ existence, a huge number of deficiencies and problems have been appeared. Due to these issues, a comprehensive approach or special procedure is required for coincident evaluation of interior and exterior environment. In this article, the improved SWOT method has been applied for the evaluations. Some of the important strategies in this article include: A revision in the legislations about surrounding rules and instructions as a way of settlement development configuration; elimination of multi decisional administrations and creation of a concentrated responsible unit; applying existed spatial potentials to set a connection between internal; and external residences (to prevent of uncontrolled development of GATED communities according to increase of the investment attractions). Initially it is necessary to identify the position of GATED Communities in the integrated Coastal zone management; moreover, changing the land use of agricultural territories in coastal areas must be prevented in coordination with  local organizations, and also occupying the periphery of the coasts should be prohibited and an appropriate access of people be provided. For eliminating of the problems in the Darya-Kenar GATED Community, a comprehensive development document has to be proved to change the development capacity into an appropriate reduction of shortages in this community. The Correction of legal resources based on the revision in residential community development regulations and against the occupation of coastal peripheries and approving new laws related with social development can have an appropriate influence in prevention of future social problems. Legitimating of the Darya-Kenar GATED Community and withdrawal of this residential complex from BABOLSAR City’s periphery and solving the claims with the Constructor & developer firm in courts can effect on the reduction of numerous occurred problems. Abundant deficiencies at the present situation of the Darya- Kenar GATED Community during our own time, is emanating from fever of land trade, lack of public facilities, absence of comprehensive systematic statistical regulations, none distinguished management structure, multi and parallel decisions units, and etc. It will be mentioned that, based on the following strategies a proper confrontation with these kinds of deficiencies occurs: An appropriate attendance and participation of residents in exploitation and maintenance of GATED Community in some internal management systems. Census Population and habitation based on economic, social, physical configuration of GATED communities in correlation with its function. The amendment of multi decisions and parallel units and founding a concentrated and intensified decision about the GATED communities to correct and vanish the influences emanating from such decision units. Configuring a follow up unit in order to recognition and acquiring necessary documents. Legitimating the kind of operating and constructional activities based on the creation of legal suitable resources. Necessitating the urban government specifically in appropriate applying of coastal integrated management and development system and revision in residential complex construction regulations, and approving new laws based on the especial type of such GATED communities. Revision in the approach and method and structure of GATED community management with the aim of elimination of existent legal deficiencies and obstacles. And also managing the relationship in accordance with other urban and rural communities.

Surface irrigation is the most common watering technique due to its lower cost of installation and the lower energy requirement as compared with the methods requiring mechanical pressure. Recent advances have upgraded the efficiency of this technology on a par with the pressurized systems, of which the GATED PIPEs (hydro-flumes) have made the most significant contribution, as the flexible polyethylene PIPEs have replaced the 4th order laterals. Application efficiency (AE) and water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat, based on the net water requirement as recommended by the National Document of Wheat in the Province of Fars (NDWPF), were studied at 5 locations: Darab 1&2, Kavar, Sarvestan, and Qaderabad. When the best management practices, such as laser leveling were implemented, A E was 92, 70, 62, 68, and 64%, and WUE was 1.20, 1.70, 1.23, 1.17, and 0.85 kg m-3 in those locations, respectively. These results indicate that water loss is independent of the installed irrigation system; mismanagement is the root of the problem. As these results are drastically different from those the NDWPF, a revision of this document is highly recommended. 

Adoption of strategies such as compact city design and urban intensification are claimed to positively affect the levels of social sustainability within the city. The sense of safety and social interactions within neighborhoods are also important factors affecting residents’ quality of life and community cohesion and sustainability. However, no research has been conducted on the relationship between density and social ties, and contradictory claims are made about the impacts of higher density on social life in residential environments. It has been demonstrated that people’ s experience and perception of density could vary by its levels, and is inadequately expressed by any of its measures. Previous research has found that most of the negative associations of density concern the perceptions thereof, and perceived density is correlated with social interactions and the sense of safety in residential environments. The causal nature of the relationship, however, has not been established. Furthermore, the constructed shapes, residential layouts, and hybrid land uses in a neighborhood and the relevant socio-demographic variables have been found in some studies to play important roles in achievement of social sustainability. A physical element known as GATEDness is also believed to influence local community relationship networking and the sense of safety. Therefore, one of the most common strategies that developers adopt to establish communities that provide residents with closer-knit, safe places to live in involves GATED communities: residential areas with access restricted through physical barriers such as fences, walls, security guardhouses, and electric gates. Based on the social ecological model, this study highlighted the importance of evaluations and perceptions derived from communal spaces as motivators of social interaction, and demonstrated that the physical environment affects people’ s thoughts, feelings, and beliefs about a local neighborhood through everyday contact and experience. The aim of this study was to examine the structural relationships between perceived density, social interaction, and the sense of safety in GATED and non-GATED communities. For that purpose, six neighborhoods of the same net residential and population density and the same socioeconomic resident status but with different layouts in the city of Mashhad, Iran were selected for detailed investigation. A total of 590 randomly-selected residents completed a 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire, originating from the reviewed literature. The data analysis was made using SPSS 19 and Amos 23. The reliability of the questionnaire, developed specifically to elicit individuals’ perceptions, was demonstrated, and the latent constructs were validated through confirmatory factor analysis. Then, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to estimate the relationships between the predictors and outcomes. It was found that social interaction was greater in GATED communities than in non-GATED ones. However, residents in non-GATED residential areas exhibited greater senses of safety than those in GATED communities. The results of SEM demonstrated that the direct effects of perceived density on social interaction were significant in both groups, and there was a negative causal relationship between perception of density and social interaction. In GATED communities, the non-recursive model suggested a feedback loop where a decrease in perceived density would increase social interaction, thereby increasing the sense of safety, in turn further decreasing perceived density. In non-GATED communities, however, the sense of safety was influenced by perceived density and thus correlated with social interaction as an independent factor. This finding indicated the mediating role of the sense of safety in the relationship between perceived density and social interaction in non-GATED communities.

One of the most important challenges in treatment of patients with cancerous tumors of chest and abdominal areas is organ movement. The delivery of treatment radiation doses to tumor tissue is a challenging matter while protecting healthy and radio sensitive tissues. Since the movement of organs due to respiration causes a discrepancy in the middle of planned and delivered dose distributions. The moderation in the fatalistic effect of intra-fractional target travel on the radiation therapy correctness is necessary for cutting-edge methods of motion remote monitoring and cancerous growth irradiancy. Tracking respiratory milling and implementation of breath-hold techniques by respiratory gating systems have been used for compensation of respiratory motion negative effects. Therefore, these systems help us to deliver precise treatments and also protect healthy and critical organs. It seems aspiration should be kept under observation all over treatment period employing tracking seed markers (e. g. fiducials), skin surface scanners (e. g. camera and laser monitoring systems) and aspiration detectors (e. g. spirometers). However, these systems are not readily available for most radiotherapy centers around the word. It is believed that providing and expanding the required equipment, GATED radiotherapy will be a routine technique for treatment of chest and abdominal tumors in all clinical radiotherapy centers in the world by considering benefits of respiratory gating techniques in increasing efficiency of patient treatment in the near future. This review explains the different technologies and systems as well as some strategies available for motion management in radiotherapy centers.

Despite negative perspectives on their consequences, GATED communities continue to spread in cities for structural reasons such as globalization and economic neo-liberalism. Hence, there is a need to find a way of achieving a better balance between these and social factors to make these communities more livable. Together with economic market perspectives, livability principles might offer a solution for mediating the social consequences of GATED communities. This research aimed to examine the physical factors influencing social livability of GATED communities and identify the degree of their prominence. To collect the data, four GATED communities in Tehran were selected through cluster sampling. An analysis of 258 questionnaires and observation of the physical features of the GATED communities indicated five physical features affecting social livability of GATED communities. The results showed that mixed uses had the biggest effect on the social livability of GATED communities followed by mixed housing, accessibility, walkability and sociability respectively. Although it might be impossible to put a halt to the expansion of GATED communities in the short run, attempts can be made to attract different classes of people to these communities through mixing different uses and prevent from the fragmentation of GATED communities. Well-connected and walkable streets help many daily activities occur within walking distance promoting the security of the neighborhood. Designing sociable public places where everyone is welcomed without any type of exclusion or limitation increases social bonds within GATED communities which in turn promotes resident’ s sense of community.

Introduction: The aim of this study is evaluation of efficacy of lacrimal sac localization with lacrimal probe without using light PIPE. The study was based on nonrandomized prospective clinical trial with one year follow up period.Methods: A group of 40 patients operated since march 2001 to December 2004 The operation was Endoscopic Dacryocystorhynostomy and localization of lacrimal sac, which was performed with a lacrimal probe inserted in lacrimal sac. With pushing the probe inferomedialy pierces lacrimal sac lacrimal bone, and nasal musca over the bone. Follow up includes symptom evaluation such as epiphora and endoscopy. Success was defined as relief of symptoms & duct patancy with irrigation for a 1 year period.Results: 29 patients were male (72.5 %) and 11 were female (27.5 %). Mean age was 37.5 (with SD±12.26) in 20 patients right eye involved, left eye involved in 16 cases and in 4 cases both eyes involved. For 3 patients septoplasty was done besides EDCR. success rate was 82.5% and no complication was seen.Discussion: the use of lacrimal probe for lacrimal sac localization is a safe and easy method and don't have light PIPE limitations then can replace light PIPE.